A study on the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of <i>Cladostepus spongiosus</i> macroalgae and green-fabricated silver nanoparticles against mosquito vectors

Abstract Mosquito vectors in the present universe cause a major problem due to transmission of pathogens with high morbidity. The research aimed explore larvicidal and adulticidal toxicity Cladostepus spongiosus extract its fabricated AgNPs on key mosquito vectors. synthesized were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, diffraction analysis. In mosquitocidal assay, C. has shown good mortality against Aedes aegypti (88.9%), Anopheles stephensi (84.1%), Culex. quinquefasciatus (81.6%). Further, percentages 78.8%, 75.4%, 67.6% An. stephensi, Ae. Aegypti, Cx. at 1,000 ppm. revealed 94.8% , 92.8% Aegypti 90.6% ; potential was also be higher (89.4%) followed (86.8%) (83.2%). Comparing results achieved from derived AgNPs, promising activity attained minimal dose 70 ppm AgNPs. Thus, spongiosus- mediated can an alternative tool controlling